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                <text>East and West Germany sign the Unification Treaty.</text>
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                <text>France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union sign the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, giving up their authority over Germany and clearing the way for reunification.</text>
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                  <text>Who were the artists who made some of the most recognizable public art in the former GDR? Surprisingly, they were not all from the GDR, and some even came from Western Europe. Why did they make their art? Learn about their lives and motivations.</text>
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                <text>Josep Renau</text>
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                <text>Josep Renau, Spanish artist active in the GDR</text>
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                <text>Josep Renau Berenguer made one of the GDR's most recognizable public mosaics, but he was born in Valencia, Spain in 1907. &lt;span&gt;From 1919 to 1925, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Renau studied at the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;San Carlos Art Academy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; in Valencia. He &lt;/span&gt;was in charge of the Spanish Pavilion at the 1937 World Exposition in Paris and commissioned Pablo Picasso's &lt;em&gt;Guernica&lt;/em&gt; for it. Renau was a communist and opposed General Franco. As a result, he was forced to flee Spain in 1939 to avoid a death sentence and ended up in Mexico. In Mexico, he made film posters, photomontages, and murals, including collaborations with David Alfaro Siqueiros.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 1958, he moved to the GDR. During his time there, he made mural mosaics that can still be seen in Halle (Saale), Erfuhrt, and Halle-Neustadt. Renau’s exile ended in 1976, and he returned to Spain to work. However, when his health started to decline in 1982, he returned to the GDR and died in a hospital in East Berlin.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Ricardo Martín, photographer</text>
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                <text>La Pajarera</text>
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                <text>1981</text>
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                <text>Copyright Ricardo Martín</text>
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                  <text>Fountains</text>
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                <text>Seven Proud Sisters Kissed by One Sea</text>
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                <text>Sieben stolze Schwestern küsst das eine Meer (Seven Proud Sisters Kissed by One Sea), a fountain sculpture by Reinhard Dietrich from 1970 in Rostock.</text>
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                <text>Located in Kröpeliner-Tor-Vorstadt, this fountain sculpture symbolizes peace and friendship between the seven countries that bordered the Baltic Sea in 1970. The metaphorical Seven Proud Sisters are the German Democratic Republic, Poland, the Soviet Union, Finland, Sweden, Denmark and the Federal Republic of Germany.  Since 1991, nine countries border the Baltic Sea because Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia became independent. Germany reunified the previous year. This sculpture was relocated in 2008.</text>
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                <text>Reinhard Dietrich, artist</text>
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                <text>WikiMedia Commons</text>
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                <text>Photograph: February 12, 2011</text>
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                <text>Creative Commons</text>
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                <text>Space Earth Human (Macrocosm)</text>
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                <text>Weltall Erde Mensch (Space Earth Human), a pair of mosaics on each side of a wall, by Otto Schutzmeister from 1974 in Eisenhüttenstadt, Brandenburg, Germany</text>
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                <text>This mosaic mural has two sides, &lt;em&gt;Mikrokosmos&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Makrokosmos.&lt;/em&gt; On the front, &lt;em&gt;Mikrokosmos&lt;/em&gt; depicts scientists and celebrates nuclear energy. On the back, &lt;em&gt;Makrokosmos&lt;/em&gt; depicts astronauts and celebrates space exploration. Schutzmeister created the mosaics three years after the first nuclear power plant opened in the GDR and the year after the death of Yuri Gagarin, the first person in space. The mosaics are on the grounds of an apartment complex in Eisenhüttenstadt, which was founded in 1950 as the first socialist model city in the GDR. Its name means "Ironworks City," but it was also known as Stalinstadt from 1953 to 1961. &lt;em&gt;Weltall Erde Mensch&lt;/em&gt; is the title of the book that East German teens received from 1954 to 1974 for participating in the Jugendweihe ceremony.</text>
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                <text>Otto Schutzmeister, artist</text>
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                <text>Martin Maleschka, photographer</text>
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                <text>Flickr</text>
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                <text>1974</text>
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                <text>Photograph: 2019</text>
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                <text>Copyright Martin Maleschka</text>
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